The Law Dictionary for Everyone
Following is the case brief for Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena, 515 U.S. 200 (1995) Case Summary of Adarand Constructors, Inc. v. Pena: Federal agency contracts provide a clause that gives financial incentives to contractors that hire minority-owned small businesses to do subcontracting work. It was a way to remedy the inequality that has typically favored white-owned businesses. Adarand Contractors […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin, 133 S. Ct. 2411 (2013) Case Summary of Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin: In order to achieve a diverse student body, the University of Texas at Austin allowed race to be considered as one of many factors to be considered in the admissions process. The […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association, 564 U.S. 786 (2011) Case Summary of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association: Video game and software companies sought to stop enforcement of a California law that banned sale or rental of violent video games to minors. The lower courts held that the law violated the First Amendment. The U.S. […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Shaw v. Reno, 509 U.S. 630 (1993) Case Summary of Shaw v. Reno: The State of North Carolina, in response to the U.S. Attorney General’s objection that it had only one majority-black congressional district, created a second majority-black district. Five white North Carolina voters sued, alleging that the State’s reapportionment plan constituted an unconstitutional […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265 (1978) Case Summary of Regents of Univ. of California v. Bakke: A white medical school applicant was twice rejected from the Univ. of California Medical School, though he had better scores than minority candidates who were accepted. Following a lawsuit, the state court found […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Johnson v. California, Supreme Court of the United States, (2005) Case summary for Johnson v. California: Johnson, a black man, was detained in a state prison where he was segregated based on his race. Johnson challenged the state prison’s unwritten policy in federal district court, claiming it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Frontiero v. Richardson, 411 U.S. 677 (1973). Case Summary of Frontiero v. Richardson: A federal law provided automatic benefits for the wives of military men, but not for husbands of military women. A woman in the U.S. Air Force sued to enjoin enforcement of the law, arguing that it was unconstitutionally discriminatory. The District Court […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey, 505 U.S. 833 (1992). Case Summary of Planned Parenthood v. Casey: Several of Pennsylvania’s statutory abortion provisions were challenged in federal court. Those provisions included requirements of informed consent, a 24-hour waiting period, parental consent for minors seeking abortions, and spousal notification. In reviewing the provisions, the U.S. […]
Read moreFollowing is the case brief for Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003). Case Summary of Grutter v. Bollinger: The University of Michigan Law School denied Barbara Grutter’s application to the School. Grutter, a white Michigan resident, then sued the Law School. Grutter claimed that the Law School’s use of affirmative action in its admissions policy violated her Equal Protection rights […]
Read moreThe term strict scrutiny refers to a level of study or analysis the courts use to determine the constitutionality of a law, or of the actions of a governmental body. The most rigid standard of judicial review, strict scrutiny is used to determine whether such an action or legislation violates constitutional rights. To explore this concept, consider the following strict […]
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