Bona Fide Occupational Qualification

The concept of Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications (“BFOQ”) allows employers to hire individuals based on their age, sex, race, national origin, or religion, if these specific qualifications are considered essential to the job, or considered vital to the business’ operation. Hiring employees with BFOQs may be considered a valid defense to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, […]

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Blue Sky Laws

Many states have come up with legislation (“laws”) that compels certain standards in matters involving the offering of and selling securities. These “Blue Sky laws” are intended to protect consumers from being induced into uncertain or overly speculative investments, as well as protecting them against fraud. Each state specifies its own provisions to their Blue Sky laws, however all require […]

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Bilateral Contract

The most commonly used type of contract, a bilateral contract contains a promise by each party to fulfill certain obligations to complete the deal. For example, a person offers their home for sale, and a buyer agrees to pay $150,000 to purchase the home. In this bilateral contract, each party is required to do something: the buyer must pay the […]

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Intentional Tort

A tort is a wrongful act in which harm or injury is caused to another person. The term “tort” covers a vast range of actions in tort law, and is divided into subcategories, which include “intentional tort.” Intentional tort occurs when a person intends to perform an action that causes harm to another. For intentional tort to be proven, it […]

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Concurrent Jurisdiction

Concurrent jurisdiction occurs when more than one court has the authority to hear and decide a civil or criminal case. For instance, in the United States, both federal and state courts have concurrent jurisdiction to hear and decide many types of cases. Similarly, many states have instituted specialized courts, such as small claims courts, traffic courts, and family courts, which […]

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Jurisprudence

As it deals with the study, theory, and understanding of the law, American jurisprudence refers to the act of scrutinizing, classifying, and explaining the law. Such information may be found in law textbooks, legal encyclopedias, law reviews, and other publications containing “jurisprudential” information. Those who study jurisprudence, also referred to as “legal theorists,” “legal Philosophers,” and “social theorists of law,” […]

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Fraud

Fraud takes place when a person deliberately practices deception in order to gain something unlawfully or unfairly. In most states, the act of fraud can be classified as either a civil or a criminal wrong. While fraud is most commonly committed to obtain benefits of value, it sometimes occurs solely for the purpose of deceiving another person or entity. For […]

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